H0: Variance (light) = variance (dark) H1: Variance (light) variance (dark) The variances have to be equal before we can determine if the means are equal. Independent-Samples T TestThe first set of hypotheses is testing the variance, while the proceeding set is testing for the mean.
Research Question #3Is there a difference in the average number of seedlings grown in the light and those grown in the dark? Research Question #2Is there an instructional effect taking place in the computer class?H0: Instruction made no difference H1: Instruction made a difference T testA T test may be used to compare two group means using either one of the following: Within-participants design (a Paired-Samples T Test) Between-participants design (an IndependentSamples T Test) Research Question #1Is there a relationship between academic performance and Internet access? Research Question #1Is there a relationship between academic performance and Internet access? H0 = Internet access made no difference H1 = Internet access made a different Magnitude Direction The strength of the linear relationship is determined by the distance of the correlation coefficient (r) from zero. Take note that the result is always stated in relation to the null hypothesis, not the alternate.ĬorrelationsA correlation is a statistical device that measures the nature and strength of a supposed linear association between two variables. If p-value (sig.) >, then fail to reject H0. Hypothesis Testing If p-value (sig.), then reject H0. = 0.05 means data would have occurred by chance at most 5% of the time. To reject H0, data must meet a significance level ( ) of 0.05. Null Hypothesis The significance level ( ) sets the standard for how extreme data must be before rejecting the H0. Rejection of H0 leads to the alternative hypothesis H1. The purpose of most statistical tests is to determine if the obtained results provide a reason to conclude whether or not the differences are the result of random chance. Null Hypothesis A null hypothesis (H0) is a statistical hypothesis that is tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true. Using Null Hypothesis Running Tests of Significance Running Multiple Response Sets Frequency Crosstabs Correlations Paired-Samples T Test Independent-Samples T Test PASW Statistics 17 (SPSS 17)Part 2: Test of SignificanceITS Training Program Purpose of This WorkshopTo show how PASW Statistics can help interpret results obtained from a sample and make inferences about the population. Research Question #3Is computer color preference different between genders? The split file function is used to compare the responses or performance differences by groups within one variable. Selecting CasesFilter out and specify which variable to use for analysis with the select cases function. What color do you like to have for your computer? 1. Research Question #2What color do people prefer for their computer?
It shows the intersection between two variables and reveals how the two interact with each other. Research Question #1What kind of computer do people prefer to own?Ĭrosstabs Crosstabs are used to examine the relationship between two variables. Also calculates measures of central tendency, such as the mean, median, mode, and others. Are the most commonly used statistics.įrequency shows the number of occurrences. Descriptive statistics are used for summarizing frequency or measures of central tendency.
Running Descriptive Statistics How to analyze data. Male Easy to enter Open-Ended Response What is your gender? ( _ ) Easy to construct Data Reportingįormat of QuestionsFixed Response e.g. Determine whether the data supports the researchers hypothesis. What is Statistics?Statistics is a set of mathematical techniques used to: Summarize research data. Manipulating Data Selecting Cases Splitting the File Finding Data Replacing Data Copying and Pasting into WordĬreating a Data File Using Find and Replace Running Descriptive ReportingStatistics Frequency Analysis Crosstabs PASW Statistics 17 (SPSS 17)Part 1: Descriptive StatisticsITS Training Program Agenda Introduction Research Stages Opening PASW Defining Variables Entering Data